Uburozi bwa Phthalates muri kashe: Ingaruka zihishe hamwe no gusunika ibikoresho byubaka neza

Ikidodo kiragaragara hose mumazu, mumashuri, no mukazi, ariko ntibikunze kunyura mubitekerezo byabantu benshi. Nubwo bivanga mubuzima bwubuzima bwa buri munsi, ibyo bikoresho bidasuzuguritse birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumiterere yikirere cyimbere hamwe n iriba ryabantu - kubaho.

Mu kubaka inyubako, kashe zitanga intego zikomeye: gufunga icyuho no kugenzura urujya n'uruza rw'ikirere, igikorwa kikaba cyarakuze cyane mu gihe cy'ibihe biriho. Ikibabaje ni uko nubwo ikoreshwa cyane, kashe nyinshi zirimo imiti ishobora guteza akaga nka isocyanates na phalite. Ibi bice - bihindagurika bishobora guhagarika gaze - biva mu kashe igihe, bihumanya umwuka wo murugo no gutura mu mukungugu wo murugo.

Phthalates izwiho guhungabanya imisemburo yumubiri kandi ifitanye isano n’imyororokere. Mugihe phthalates zimwe zabujijwe kubicuruzwa byabana haba kurwego rwa federasiyo ndetse no muri leta nka Washington, Californiya, na Vermont, amatsinda atishoboye - harimo abana n’abantu batwite - baracyafite aho bahurira n’amasoko menshi, harimo ibikoresho rusange byubaka nka kashe.

Kugeza ubu, Ishami ry’ibidukikije ry’i Washington ririmo gushyiraho itegeko ryo kubuza phthalate muri vinyl hasi n'impumuro nziza mu bintu byita ku muntu. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwemeje ko umwuka wo mu ngo hamwe n’umukungugu wo mu rugo ari inzira nyamukuru yo kwanduza phalale, bityo aya mabwiriza akaba intambwe ikomeye yo kugabanya ingaruka.

Kubera ko yari azi akaga gaterwa na phthalates hamwe n’uruhare ibikoresho byubaka bigira mu kumenyekanisha abantu kuri ubwo burozi, Uburozi - Future Free Future yakoranye n’urusobe rw’ubuzima bwiza hamwe n’ikigo cy’ibidukikije cya Michigan mu 2021 na 2022 kugira ngo ikore ibizamini bya fatale kuri kashe. Iyi gahunda ishingiye ku mirimo yabanje gukorana n’ikigo cy’ibidukikije n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa mu gukuraho phthalates mu bicuruzwa bya vinyl igurishwa kandi ishyigikira ingamba zikomeje gukorwa muri leta ya Washington.

Kuri ubu bushakashatsi bushya, itsinda ryaguze kandi risesengura ibicuruzwa 33 byashyizweho ikimenyetso - birimo polyurethane, silicone, na acrylic latex varieties - zikoreshwa cyane mu bwubatsi no kuvugurura, bakekwagaho kuba harimo phalite. Abakozi bo mu kigo cy’ibidukikije bakoresheje Fourier - bahindura infrarafarike (FTIR) kugira ngo berekane fatalate, kandi hashyizweho ibizamini bya laboratoire ku bicuruzwa bipimishije neza.

Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko bitandatu kuri 33 byapimwe kashe byashyizwemo imbaraga nyinshi za phthalate - kugeza kuri 12% kuburemere - harimo na phisite ya diisononyl (DINP) na diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP). Ikigaragara ni uko phthalate yabonetse cyane muri kashe ya "silane yahinduwe na polymer": batanu kuri barindwi bashizeho kashe nziza. Icy'ingenzi, ibicuruzwa 27 bisigaye nta fatalatike igaragara, byerekana ko ubundi buryo bwizewe bumaze kuboneka.

Abakora ibicuruzwa byinshi barangije guhagarika gukoresha phalite, kandi ni ngombwa ko kashe zose zikorwa nta miti yangiza. Ubundi buryo bwizewe kuri phthalate - irimo kashe zirahari, nka sodium silicat caulk na pre - zifunze kashe ya polyurethane.

Ishusho Nini: Inyubako Nziza Biterwa nibikoresho byiza

Ibikoresho byubaka byuburozi Birenze Kashe

Ikidodo ni urugero rumwe rwibikoresho byubaka birimo ibintu bifite uburozi, bigira uruhare mu bwiza bw’imbere mu ngo ndetse n’ingaruka z’ubuzima. Kuva amarangi hasi kugeza hasi, mubindi bikoresho byinshi byubaka akenshi birimo imiti ishobora kwangiza ubuzima bwabantu - kandi muburyo bwose, ubundi buryo bwizewe burahari.

Imiturire ihendutse Abatuye bahura n’imurikagurisha ridakwiye

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umutwaro wibikoresho byubaka uburozi bidasangiye kimwe. Abatuye amazu ahendutse baragaragaye cyane, kubera ko ibi bice byubatswe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho bihendutse bishobora kuba birimo uburozi bwinshi - bishyira ubuzima bw’abaturage mu kaga.

Usibye kugaragara cyane mumazu yabo, abatuye amazu ahendutse nabo barashobora kwibasirwa nibibi byimiti yuburozi. Muri raporo ivuga ko amazu menshi ahendutse y’amazu ahendutse hafi y’ahantu haherereye ahitwa Superfund, ikigo cya Shriver gishinzwe amategeko y’ubukene cyagize kiti: "imiryango miliyoni eshanu zose zituye mu mazu afashwa na federasiyo zigizwe ahanini n’abaturage bakunze kwibasirwa n’uburozi bw’ibidukikije." Ibi birimo umubare munini wabana, abantu bafite ubumuga, abakuze, hamwe nabirabura na Latine.

Ibikoresho byubaka uburozi bifite ingaruka ndende - ingaruka zirambye, cyane cyane mumazu ahendutse. Kurugero, nubwo irangi ryisasu ryabujijwe mu 1978, rikomeje kugirira nabi abana baba mumazu ahendutse muri iki gihe. Abana barenga 90.000 bari munzu yo guhitamo amazu (Igice cya 8) barwaye uburozi bwangiza, butera kwangirika burundu kumikurire yubwonko.

Noneho Igihe kirageze cya Politiki Itegeka Ibikoresho Byubaka Byizewe

Kurinda ubuzima bwabantu n’umutekano, ibikoresho byubaka bigomba kuba bitarimo imiti yuburozi. Amashyirahamwe nka Enterprises Green Communities hamwe nubuzima bwiza bwubaka, hamwe na gahunda za leta nkibicuruzwa bitekanye bya Washington (SPW), byabaye ku isonga ryimyigaragambyo y’ibikoresho byubaka bifite umutekano. Enterprises Green Communities yunganira ibikoresho bizima mugutezimbere amazu ahendutse, akamenya phthalate muri kashe hamwe nubundi burozi bwubaka ibicuruzwa nkibibazo byubuzima. Uyu muryango washyizeho ibipimo abubatsi mu gihugu hose bashobora kuzuza kugirango babone icyemezo cyo gukoresha ibikoresho bitekanye mumazu ahendutse.

Ihuriro Ryubaka Ryubaka kandi rikora kugirango rikureho imiti yuburozi mubikoresho byubwubatsi, ikora ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku byangiza imiti n’ubundi buryo bwizewe. Ubuyobozi bwibicuruzwa bya HomeFree butondekanya ibikoresho byubaka ku gipimo kuva umutuku ukagera ku cyatsi hashingiwe ku rwego rw’ibyago bikubiyemo kandi bigatanga amahitamo meza, bitanga umutungo w’agaciro ku muntu wese ushaka ibikoresho byubaka ubuzima bwiza.

Muri leta ya Washington, Uburozi - Kazoza k’ubuntu bwashyigikiye ko hashyirwaho ingamba zikomeye z’imiti y’ubumara, ariko Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi yananiwe kurinda bihagije abatuye amazu ahendutse hamwe n’ibipimo by’ibigo. Porogaramu nkibicuruzwa bitekanye kuri Washington nabyo bifata ingamba kuburozi nka phthalate mubikoresho byubaka. Buri myaka itanu, Ishami ry’ibidukikije rya Washington rigenga imiti y’imiti y’ubumara, ibuza cyangwa igabanya ibicuruzwa byabo ku bicuruzwa. Iyi gahunda yo guhanga udushya irengera abantu n’ibidukikije igenga imiti ibihumbi n’ibicuruzwa bagaragaramo. Mu gihe Ishami ry’ibidukikije ryibanze ku kugabanya phthalate mu igorofa ya vinyl, rigomba kwagura izo mbogamizi kugira ngo ibikoresho byose byubaka bitarimo imiti yangiza. Urebye ko phthalate ihari mugupima kashe yacu, ishami ryibidukikije rigomba kubuza fatale mu kashe mu cyiciro gikurikira.

Urunigi rwo Gutezimbere Urugo rugomba kubuza Phthalates muri kashe

Igeragezwa ryacu rishya ryerekana ko byihutirwa gukenera ingo zikomeye zo guteza imbere urugo nka Home Depot hamwe na Lowe kugirango babuze ortho - phthalates nindi miti yuburozi mubidodo. Abacuruzi bombi bamaze kwerekana ubuyobozi bakuraho phthalates muri vinyl hasi; bagomba gushingira kuri iri terambere bakuraho phthalates muri kashe hamwe nibindi bicuruzwa byubaka, ibyo - nko hasi - bishobora kwanduza ibidukikije murugo. Aba bacuruzi bagomba kandi kwemeza ko ibindi bicuruzwa byagaragaye ko bifite umutekano, byujuje ubuziranenge nka GreenScreen Benchmark 2 cyangwa ChemFORWARD C cyangwa irenga.

Umuntu wese akwiye ahantu heza ho gutura no gukorera. Ubu ni igihe cyo gushingira ku bipimo byigihugu nka Enterprises Green Communities kugirango amazu ahendutse atekane kandi afite ubuzima bwiza kubaturage bose. Abacuruzi nka Home Depot na Lowe bamaze kwerekana ko ubundi buryo bwizewe bubaho mugukuraho phthalates muri vinyl hasi, kandi bagomba gukomeza kubuza uburozi mubindi bicuruzwa. Muri leta ya Washington, ishami ry’ibidukikije rigomba gukoresha ibicuruzwa byizewe muri gahunda ya Washington kugira ngo bibuze imiti y’ubumara mu bikoresho byose byubaka.